Periodontal disease: Aetiopathogenesis
نویسنده
چکیده
The gingiva surrounds each tooth and comprises the free gingival(gingival margin), attached gingiva and gingival sulcus. The attached gingiva is firmly attached to the underlying periosteum of the alveolar bone. It is continuous with the alveolar (or oral) mucosa and is demarcated from it by the muco-gingival junction. The free (or marginal) gingiva is that found coronal (ie towards the crown) to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). [The cementum covers the root, and enamel covers the crown of the tooth]. A gingival sulcus is formed around the tooth and has a normal depth of 0-3mm in dogs and 0-1mm in the cat. This depth is measured with a periodontal probe. At the base of the gingival sulcus, the cells are junctional epithelial cells and are tightly attached to the enamel via hemidesmososmes. This is the epithelial attachment to the tooth. The alveolar mucosa is a loose, moveable nonkeratinised epithelium. The epithelium of the attached and free gingiva is a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium with many rete pegs. About 70% of the connective tissue of the gingiva is collagen.
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